• Blood Pressure Numbers:

  Blood pressure readings are expressed as two numbers, such as 120/80 mmHg. The top number (systolic pressure) represents the pressure when the heart contracts and pumps blood, while the bottom number (diastolic pressure) represents the pressure when the heart is at rest between beats. Normal blood pressure is generally considered to be around or below 120/80 mmHg.

• Hypertension Categories:

  Hypertension is categorized into different stages based on the blood pressure readings. The American Heart Association defines the following categories:

  • 1. Elevated

    Systolic pressure between 120-129 mmHg and diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg.

  • 2. Stage 1 hypertension

    Systolic pressure between 130-139 mmHg or diastolic pressure between 80-89 mmHg.

  • 3. Stage 2 hypertension

    Systolic pressure of 140 mmHg or higher or diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher.

• Causes and Risk Factors:

  High blood pressure can have various causes and risk factors, including:

  • 1. Lifestyle factors

    Poor diet, excessive salt intake, lack of physical activity, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and tobacco use.

  • 2. Age

    The risk of developing high blood pressure increases with age.

  • 3. Family history

    Having a family history of high blood pressure can increase the risk.

  • 4. Chronic conditions

    Certain medical conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, and sleep apnea can contribute to hypertension.

  • 5. Stress

    Chronic stress can impact blood pressure levels.

  • 6. Genetics

    Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to hypertension.

Treatment and Management:

Lifestyle modifications are often recommended as the first line of treatment for hypertension. These may include adopting a balanced diet (such as the DASH diet), reducing sodium intake, engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, limiting alcohol consumption, and quitting smoking. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to control blood pressure, depending on the severity and underlying health conditions.